Russia Military Capabilities - The Russian military is generally considered the second most powerful in the world, behind the United States. Ukraine is in 22nd place. That power imbalance is on display as Vladimir Putin's forces advance toward Kiev.
Members of the Territorial Defense Forces of Ukraine receive weapons to defend the city of Kyiv, February 25, 2022. (Mikhail Palinchak/Reuters)
Russia Military Capabilities
The invasive Russian Federation commands the second most powerful military in the world, behind only the United States, after spending an estimated US$61.7 billion on defense in 2020, according to data compiled by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.
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"The Russian army is powerful, no doubt, much more powerful than Ukraine's," said retired Lt. Gen. Andrew Leslie, former Chief of Staff of the Canadian Armed Forces.
"The Russians have a huge technological advantage, in terms of quality, in terms of training time, which gives you experience in various war machines, and also in numbers."
A Ukrainian soldier sits wounded after walking through fire in the city of Kiev on February 25, 2022. (Emilio Morenatti/The Associated Press)
Russian advantages that will be virtually insurmountable for Ukrainian defenders, at least in the early stages of the war, Leslie said. But appeasing the country's 44 million people could prove a much more daunting task for Russian President Vladimir Putin.
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"Mr. Putin is going to have to go to the cities and he's going to have to occupy Ukraine for years against a bitter, vengeful population that enjoyed freedom," Leslie predicted. "And they won't forget, and they won't let the Russians have an easy occupation or stay long."
Ukrainian leaders seem to have already moved on to that next fight. Russia's formal military reserve is estimated at two million soldiers. But the Ukrainians are now busy trying to increase their core of 900,000 conscripts, ordering all men between the ages of 18 and 60 to stay in the country and arming anyone willing to take up arms.
On Friday, former president Petro Poroshenko was on the streets of Kyiv, brandishing an AK-47 and boasting about the country's strength in numbers.
"This is a long line of people who want to enlist in the battalion, but we don't have enough weapons... these are normal, ordinary people [who] sometimes [have] never been in the army, who are standing now to join us" , Poroshenko told CNN.
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"Putin will never capture Ukraine despite how many soldiers he has, how many missiles he has, how many nuclear weapons he has. We Ukrainians are free people with a great European future."
NATO announced more weapons and air defense systems for Ukraine 11 months ago Duration 28:19 NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg announced that the alliance will provide more aid and weapons to Ukraine, including air defense systems, while warning Russia that it will pay a heavy price . for the coming years.
Hanna Maliar, Ukraine's deputy defense minister, took to Facebook on Friday to urge citizens to resist Russian forces as much as they can, even with domestic weapons. The petition apparently had an impact, as online searches for Molotov cocktail recipes soared in the capital.
The will of the Ukrainian people to resist should not be underestimated, said Ihor Kozak, a former Canadian Forces officer who has been training and advising the military in his native Ukraine since 2014.
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"Ukrainians are now fighting for their freedom, for their families, for their country," said Kozak. "Morale is very, very high. And I think that will be the deciding factor in this war."
Eight years ago, when Russia first invaded Ukraine, annexing Crimea and supporting a separatist insurgency in the Donbass region, the country's military was almost non-existent.
"No money was really spent, there was no training, there were no modern weapons, there was no ammunition. So the people who went to fight were young volunteers, and not so young volunteers from the Maidan revolution, often in sports shoes, with outdated weapons. ", Kozak recalled.
All that changed with the creation of a modern fighting force, trained to NATO standards by Western advisers, including members of the Canadian military. What Ukraine desperately needs is not so much manpower as weapons.
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"They need more [anti-tank] spears, more [anti-aircraft] bottles, more ammunition, more weapons to be able to defend themselves and be able to defend us. So I would strongly encourage the Canadian government and Western leaders to do it now before it's too late," he said. is a Cossack.
All the more so considering that Ukraine's military is the 22nd most powerful in the world, one place ahead of Canada at 23rd.
Jonathon Gatehouse has covered news and politics at home and abroad, reporting from dozens of countries. He has also written extensively on the sport, covering seven Olympic Games and authoring a best-selling book on the business of professional hockey. He works for a national research unit in Toronto. A visitor attends the Army 2021 arms fair near Moscow, Russia, on August 23, 2021. (Kirill Kudryavtsev/AFP via Getty Images)
MOSCOW - For years, Russia has faced international sanctions that have limited its ability to build or acquire state-of-the-art military capabilities. Now, President Vladimir Putin and the country's military leaders are trying a new tactic to acquire and develop the weapons they need: turning to small Russian companies for help.
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"The defense complex of the country has a huge potential, which allows it to solve problems of very different scales. But it is really difficult to dominate the production of civilian products by the military-industrial complex. No experience in working in difficult market conditions. Business should come to the rescue," Sergei Katirin, president of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, told reporters after last month's Army 2021 arms fair.
Last week, dozens of Russian private companies, many of which are already engaged in defense work, participated in the annual military forum, which ran from August 22 to 28. Small companies, working on a variety of topics, from information technology to optics, tried to attract the attention of the largest Russian contractors.
At first glance, Army 2021 was a display of traditional Russian military might. But behind the scenes were military and civilian officials and experts discussing two critical issues facing local businesses: import substitution and production diversification.
United Aircraft Corporation, a subsidiary of state corporation Rostec, is no stranger to import substitution. After several Western companies refused to provide composite materials for the MC-21 aircraft, the UAC turned to domestic suppliers, including private companies.
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Speaking to Defense News, a Ministry of Industry and Trade official described efforts to replace foreign materials as a "splash" for Russian industry. For example, Russia has successfully replaced engines of Ukrainian origin for ships and helicopters with domestic versions.
However, the circumstances in the field of microelectronics are more complex. Many Russian manufacturers do not have the ability to produce their own microelectronics, but instead turn to Asian countries.
Boosting local development of microelectronics and related components will require a state investment of 798 billion rubles ($11 billion) by 2024, according to Russia's arms export agency Rosoboronexport.
The presence of these foreign-made components in Russian-made devices creates an obstacle for domestic companies seeking business with the military. One of them is Siltech, a manufacturer of devices that scan product labels and track data.
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The company attended Army 2021, and its manager, Grigory Britvin, said it was unable to get work with the Ministry of Defense because its products depend on foreign materials. But he said he has no regrets about the company's approach, citing red tape as a problem.
However, he added, "we are a commercial company and the speed [of acquisition] is a matter of survival for us."
Cheerleaders dressed as doctors pose for the coronavirus during the Army 2021 forum on August 23, 2021. (Kirill Kudryavtsev/AFP via Getty Images)
But Vladimir Kuznetsov, head of St. Petersburg-based KUBO, which makes electric motors and servo drives for robotics and mechatronics, says military procurement officials are beginning to change their approach.
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"They understand that without modern solutions and modern technology, there will be no modern army," he said, emphasizing that private companies are the solution.
Meanwhile, Russia's broader defense industry faces a drop in military spending, which means fewer state purchases of weapons.
The country spends 2.7 percent of its gross domestic product on defense, but that is expected to fall to 2.6 percent in 2022 and again to 2.5 percent in 2023, according to government data.
In 2017, Putin ordered the country's military-industrial complex to devote 30 percent of its business activities to the production of civilian products by 2030 and 50 percent by 2050.
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The move was seen as part of an effort to boost domestic production amid Western sanctions. These include the Russian Foundation for Advanced Studies, the military's home for its most ambitious projects.
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Officially established in 2013, the foundation is basically the Russian analogue of the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. He supported several civilian projects, including manufacturing
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